www.ipms.fraunhofer.de
Zone-Based
Automotive-Backbones
Automotive Ethernet Congress
02.06.2022
Marcus Pietzsch
Group Manager IPCores and ASICs (IPCA)
marcus.pietzsch@ipms.fraunhofer.de
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Fraunhofer IPMS
IP Cores, ASIC & FPGA Design
▪ Concept, IP core & SoC
design
▪ HAL, firmware, driver
development, SDK,
Continuous Delivery (CD)
▪ FreeRTOS, Linux integration
▪ ISO26262 functional safety,
ASIL-B and ASIL-D ready IP
cores
▪ Down to 22nm
▪ Digital, mixed signal, RF (up to
60 GHz)
▪ Frontend, Backend,
Floorplanning & Sign-off
▪ CADENCE driven tool chains
(Synopsys & Mentor Graphics
partly)
▪ Simulation, verification, IC &
board level test
▪ Xilinx, Intel/Altera, Microsemi,
Lattice and tool support
▪ IP Core, SoC & high speed
datacomm design
▪ Serdes integration up to
200Gbps
▪ Simulation, verification &
board level test
FPGA Design
Silicon Design
ASIC
General
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IP Cores from Fraunhofer IPMS
Overview
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High-Performance (Embedded) Compute & Connected Systems-of-Systems
▪ PCIe (CXL, ISB, NVMe)
▪ Ethernet (TCP/IP, TSN)
▪ Audio/Video (HDMI, SDI)
Missing Link Electronics
Mission:“IfItIsPackets,WeMakeItGoFaster!”
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Built on top of
open standards
from PCI-SIG and
IEEE
Implemented in
ASIC and FPGA
Foundation Technology With Many Applications
Implemented as a unique IP combination from Fraunhofer and MLE
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• Future-proof road-
map
• PC, Cloud
Computing,
Embedded Systems
drive this roadmap
• Best-in-class price ($)
per performance
(Gbps) per length
(meters) ratio
Why Ethernet?
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• Future-proof road-map, driven by PCI-SIG
• PC, Cloud Computing, Embedded Systems drive this roadmap
• Best-in-class price ($) per performance (Gbps) ratio
• Common to modern SoCs, ability to commoditize silicon
Why PCIe?
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▪ Time Sensitive Networking
▪ The history
▪ AVB Task Group for latency free delivery of audio/video data
▪ 2012 the TSN Task Group evolved from the AVB Task Group (IEEE 802.1)
▪ TSN is not a single standard
▪ It‘sacollectionofsubstandardsandextensions
▪ Network wide time synchronization
▪ Determinism
▪ Low latency
▪ Low jitter
▪ Scalable speed
Why TSN?
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▪ Standards
▪ TimeSynchronization(802.1AS&it‘sprofileIEEE1588,802.1AS/-2020)
▪ Bounded low latency (802.1Qav, 802.1Qbv, 802.3br & 802.1Qbu, 802.1Qch, P802.1Qcr,
P802.1Qcr, P802.1DC..)
▪ High availability/reliability (802.1CB, 802.1Qci, 802.1Qca)
▪ Resources and API (802.1Qat, 802.1Qcc, 802.1Qcp, P802.1Qcx, P802.1ABcu,
P802.1Qcw, 802.1CBcv, P802.1CS, P802.1Qdd, P802.1CBdb..)
▪ Profiles
▪ Audio Video Bridging (802.1BA)
▪ Fronthaul (802.1CM)
▪ Industrial Automation( IEC/IEEE P60802)
▪ Automotive In-Vehicle (P802.1DG)
▪ Service Provider (P802.1DF)
▪ TSN for Aerospace Onboard Ethernet (P802.1DP)
▪ TSN for Avionics (SAE AS-1A2*)
TSN profiles & standards
Overview
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TSN IP Cores from Fraunhofer IPMS
Overview
TSN-SW
TSN-SE
TSN-GW
TSN-EP
TSN-SE TSN-EP
Pre-Certified & cut through IP Cores
▪ TSN Endpoint (TSN-EP)
▪ TSN Switched Endpoint (TSN-SE)
▪ TSN Switch (TSN-SW)
▪ CAN, LIN
Solutions
▪ Automotive Network bridges & gateways
▪ LIN,CAN,CAN-FD,CAN-XL,…over
TSN
▪ Automotive communication subsystems
▪ EMSA5-FS co integrated TSN
solutions
CAN-FD
CAN
LIN
CAN-XL
PCIE, CSI,
I2C, SPI, UART
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Automotive functional safety enhanced backbone
Architecture
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Automotive functional safety enhanced backbone
TSN-GWzonalgateway…MultiProtocolTunneling
▪ Tunneling
▪ Packetizing/Enveloping data
▪ Tunneling via redundant TSN backbones
▪ Maintaining real time and latency requirements
▪ De-packetizing/De-enveloping data
▪ Multi-Protocol Switching
▪ Repackaging
▪ Switching
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▪ FPGA (Cyclone V SoC)
Source/Sink
IP
Latency
Forward & Injection latency TSN-SW
TSN-SW
Forward
latency
P
H
Y
P
H
Y
920ns
TSN-SW
Forward
latency
P
H
Y
P
H
Y
288n
s
168n
s
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Automotive functional safety enhanced backbone
PCIe Protocol Tunneling
▪ PCIe Endpoint and Root-Port in FPGA/ASIC
▪ PCIe Switch in FPGA/ASIC
▪ PCIe NTB in FPGA/ASIC
▪ TCP/UDP/IP over TSN in FPGA/ASIC
▪ netdev Linux Device Drivers
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LabCar for parallel tunneling automotive protocols
Automotive functional safety enhanced backbone
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Automotive functional safety enhanced backbone
LabCar for tunneling automotive protocols
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▪ TSN is a good solution for tunneling all kinds of time critical communication
▪ TSN can cope with huge network loads while maintaining real time
requirements
▪ Cut-Through IP is the best choice for ultra low latency networks
▪ TSN is defined by open IEEE standards
▪ TSN is scaling with the evolution of Ethernet
▪ Fraunhofer IPMS is your partner for custom TSN Solutions
Summary
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▪ Fraunhofer IPMS
Marcus Pietzsch
http://www.ipms.fraunhofer.de
Fraunhofer Institute
for Photonic Microsystems
IPMS
▪ Missing Link Electronics
Prof. Dr. Endric Schubert
endric.schubert@missinglinkelectronics.com
Missing Link Electronics, Inc.
San Jose, CA
Missing Link Electronics GmbH
Neu-Ulm, Germany
Contact Information
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BACKUP
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▪ Network wide operation
▪ Non 802.1as capable devices break up network
▪ Periodic announce messages
▪ Grand Master (GM) is selected for device with the
best master clock algorithm (BMCA)
▪ Periodical Sync + Followup frames
▪ delay measurement is a two-step peer-to-peer
path delay algorithm
TSN standards
Time synchronization - IEEE 802.1AS (AS-2020)
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▪ Forwarding and Queuing
Enhancements for Time-Sensitive
Streams
▪ Allready used in AVB
▪ Credit based scheduling
▪ Positive credit allowing traffic to be sent
▪ Negative credit will prevent packets to
be send
TSN standards
IEEE 802.1Qav - Credit Based Shaper
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Traffic-shaping.pdf
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▪ Cycle based scheduling of frames
▪ Cycle length
▪ A number of gate operations
▪ Guard bands prevent violation of cycle timings
TSN standards
IEEE 802.1Qbv - Time Aware Shaper
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▪ Extreme low latency for chosen traffic (express traffic)
▪ Special mPackets (express packet, preemptable packet, fragment of a packet)
▪ 64bytes of minimal fragment size
TSN standards
802.3br&802.1Qbu–Framepreemption
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▪ Sequence generation
▪ Split/Recovery
▪ Redundancy tag seq encode/decode
▪ Stream identification
▪ Link aggregation (802.1AX)
TSN standards
IEEE 802.1CB - Frame replication and elimination for redundancy
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▪ Filtering and policing and frame queue
decisions made on a per-stream basis for
received frames
▪ Stream gate id ᾆ open/closed
TSN standards
IEEE802.1Qci–Per-StreamFilteringandPolicing(PSFP)
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▪ Extensive TSN standard support
▪ 802.1AS, 802.1Qav & 802.1Qbv, 802.1Qbu / 802.3br,
802.1Qci, 802.1CB, and 802.1Qcc
▪ Target independent
▪ Small footprint
▪ Cut-through or store-and-forward operation
▪ High synchronization accuracy
▪ Linux support
▪ RTOS support
▪ Stream-based data handling (Digital logic or CPU as data source/sink)
▪ Very low and configurable forward latency…
TSN IP Cores from Fraunhofer IPMS
Key Features
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▪ Merge IT and OT
▪ Avoid proprietary and incompatible solutions
▪ Interoperability and scalability
Why is TSN?
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UNUSED
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▪ Automotive Wiring Nightmare
▪ What and Why is TSN?
▪ TSN Profiles & Standards
▪ TSN-Cores by Fraunhofer IPMS
▪ Automotive Multi-Protocol Bridging
▪ Roundup and conclusion
▪ QNA
Content
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Automotive Wiring Nightmare
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Automotive domain based networks
Todays domain based networks
▪ Organized in Functional Domains
▪ Powertrain, Body Control, Comfort, Infotainment, etc
▪ Bus Gateways for Cross-Domain Communication
▪ 100 ECUs, or more via many
▪ Different busses
▪ Different protocols
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Transformation
Zone based networks
▪ Network connectivity is no longer based on functional domains
▪ Architecture is based on physical location
▪ Smart corners integrate multiple domain controlers
▪ High bandwidth backbones tunnel traffic between zones
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Transformation
ADAS & Automated driving
▪ Fault tolerance
▪ Redundant physical paths
▪ Driven by automation of driving
▪ Level 3 ("eyes off")
▪ Level4("mindoff")
▪ Mobile data center
▪ High bandwidth sensors
▪ Processing
▪ Storage
▪ Real time (RT) tunneling of well known protocols
▪ All time full situationell awareness
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Transformation
Covering the requirements
▪ High bandwidth
▪ Interoperability
▪ Reale time capability
▪ Redundancy
▪ Effordable wiring
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10Base-
T1S
10Base-
T1S
USB
USB
Transformation
Covering the requirements
CS
I
CS
I
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Transformation
Covering the requirements
▪ High bandwidth
▪ Interoperability
▪ Reale time capable
▪ Redundancy
▪ Effordable wiring
Time
Sensitive
Networking
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Automotive FUSA enhanced backbone
LabCar for tunneling automotive protocols
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QNA
Marcus Pietzsch
Group Manager IPCores and ASICs (IPCA)
Fraunhofer Institute for Photonic Microsystems IPMS
Phone: +49(0)351/8823-355, Fax: -266
http://www.ipms.fraunhofer.de