FPGA-based Highly Configurable and Low-Latency
Multi GMSL Camera 10GbE RTP Streaming
Performance and Design Choices
Agenda
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
1
Speakers
GMSL
System
Overview
Video
Subsystem
FPGA
NetStack
CSI-2
to RTP
Engine
MLE
NPAP
Hardware
Prototype
Performance
Speakers
Alin-Tudor Sferle
Analog Devices Romania
Friedrich Maximilian Sokol
(Ulrich Langenbach)
Missing Link Electronics
Germany
2
What is
GMSL
Gigabit Multimedia Serial Link
High-Speed Video Link over a Single Wire
Scalable SerDes Technology
Camera/Display Use-Cases
Multimarket Applications
Up to 6/12 Gbps in GMSL2/3
Since 2004
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
3
GMSL2
For Cameras
Serializer Deserializer
One/Two Input Ports One/Two/Four Input Ports
Parallel/CSI Input Interface Parallel/CSI Output Interface
GMSL over Coax/STP* GMSL over Coax/STP*
Virtual Channel Option Virtual Channel Option
Power/GPIOs/I2C/Video over GMSL Power/GPIOs/I2C/Video over GMSL
*STP - Shielded Twisted-Pair
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4
GMSL2
Camera Pipeline Example
Camera
Module
Serializer
Deserializer
SoC
MIPI
C/D-PHY
MIPI
C/D-PHY
I2C
I2C
GPIO
GMSL2
GMSL2
Serializer
Camera
Module
MIPI
C/D-PHY
I2C
@2025 Analog Devices Inc & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved
5
System
Overview
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6
Motivation
High-Speed
Uncompressed
Video Streaming
from multiple
GMSL cameras
Use of Low Latency
FPGA-based UDP/IPv4 Network Accelerator
Configurable GMSL Camera Triggering
Interrupt-free
Network Accelerators Design
IEEE-1588-based Timestamping
NIC + FPGA-accelerated Video
Streaming on same 10G PHY Link
Prototype
Overview
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
7
AMD Kria K26 SoM
FPGA PL
MAX96724
Corundum
10Gb MAC&PHY + IEEE 1588
ARM PS (Linux)
GMSL Drivers
Camera Drivers
Corundum drivers
MIPI CSI
Receiver
MAX96724
MIPI CSI
Receiver
AXIS
Camera Trigger
AXIS
RTP
Engine
Instances
Host
ROS2
WebApp
GStreamer
MLE’s UDP/IPv4 NetStack
ETH1: 9.9Gbps
Linux networking stack
ADI IP
Open source
ADI Open source
Xilinx IP
AXIS
MQNIC data pipeline
ETH2: 100Mbps
AXI4
DDR
Web Server
Trigger Control
ZynqMPSoC
D-PHY 4 lanes
D-PHY 4 lanes
MLE IP
DDR
Controller
AXI4
Video
Subsystem – P1
Deserializer
MAX96724
MIPI
D-PHY
I2C
ZynqMPSoC
Xilinx’s
CSI Receiver
Subsystem
Xilinx’s
AXI I2C
Controller
FPGA Region
VC0
VC1
VC2
VC3
1/2/3/4
GMSL Cameras
AXIS
GMSL Subsystem
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8
Video
Subsystem – P2
HDL/FPGA Support
Xilinx’s MIPI CSI Receiver Subsystem:
4 Lanes D-PHY [1500 Mbps] + YUV422 Input Support
Up to 4 VCs decoding
V4L2-compliant
Xilinx’s AXI I2C Controller:
For the GMSL Subsystem’s Components
Linux Support
V4L2-subdevices: Sensor, Serializer, Deserializer, CSI Receiver
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
9
FPGA
NetStack
Transport
Network
Ethernet
Implementation
Application
RTP
UDP
IPv4
RFC-Compliant Implementation
CSI* to RTP** Engine
MLE’s NPAP
Corundum
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
10
*CSI – Camera Serial Interface
** RTP – Real-Time Transport Protocol
CSI to RTP
Engine – P1
ZynqMPSoC
Xilinx’s
CSI Receiver
Subsystem
Xilinx’s
AXI I2C
Controller
FPGA Region
Xilinx’s AXI
Stream Switch
AXIS
CSI to RTP
Engine
AXIS
CSI to RTP
Engine
CSI to RTP
Engine
CSI to RTP
Engine
AXIS
AXIS
AXIS
NPAP
UDP/IP Network
Accelerator
AXIS
AXIS
AXIS
AXIS
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
11
CSI to RTP
Engine – P2
SW controllable through AXI4-Lite
YUV422 format support
RFC-compliant design - RFC4175 + RFC3550
Configurable number of lines and pixels per line at
runtime
1 Line per RTP packet leveraging on Jumbo Frames
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12
CSI to RTP
Conversion – P1
* RTP_H – RTP Header
* RTP_PH – RTP Payload Header
* PAUSE - Blanking Time [CSI-2]
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13
CSI to RTP
Conversion – P2
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14
Conversion of 1 video line to 1 RTP packet
Internal Buffers designed for Header Transmission &
Congestion on the 10 GbE link
AXI Streaming compliant video to RTP conversion
Designed as a packaged IP (Vivados Block Design)
FPGA
NetStack
Application
Transport
Network
Ethernet
Implementation
RTP
UDP
IPv4
RFC-Compliant Implementation
CSI* to RTP** Engine
MLE’s NPAP
Corundum
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
15
*CSI – Camera Serial Interface
** RTP – Real-Time Transport Protocol
NPAP
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15
NPAP
AXI4-Stream
MAC
+
MLE Network Protocol Accelerator Platform (NPAP)
TCP / UDP / IP Stack Fully in Hardware
1 / 2.5 / 5 / 10 / 25 / 40 / 50 / 100 Gigabit Ethernet
Interface
Full-duplex with 128 bit wide bidirectional datapath
Designed fully in HDL
Platform independent
NPAP
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16
Evaluation
Reference
Design
NPAP
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16
Evaluation
Reference
Design
NPAP
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16
Evaluation
Reference
Design
NPAP
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16
Evaluation
Reference
Design
NPAP
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17
Generic Source Code with wide platform
coverage
AMD
Virtex 4 to Virtex UltraScale+
Kintex to Kintex UltraScale+
Artix UltraScale+
Zynq-7000
Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC
Zynq UltraScale+ RFSoC
Versal ACAP Series
Altera
Cyclone IV series
Cyclone 10 GX series
Stratix V
Stratix 10 GX series
Agilex 5 D, E Series
Agilex 7 F, I, M Series
Microchip
Polarfire and PolarFire SoC
Lattice
Avant-G
FPGA
NetStack
RTP
UDP
IPv4
RFC-Compliant Implementation
CSI* to RTP** Engine
MLE’s NPAP
Corundum
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
18
*CSI – Camera Serial Interface
** RTP – Real-Time Transport Protocol
Application
Transport
Network
Ethernet
Implementation
Prototype
Overview – Corundum Subsystem
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18
AMD Kria K26 SoM
FPGA PL
MAX96724
Corundum
10Gb MAC&PHY + IEEE 1588
ARM PS (Linux)
GMSL Drivers
Camera Drivers
Corundum drivers
MIPI CSI
Receiver
MAX96724
MIPI CSI
Receiver
AXIS
Camera Trigger
AXIS
RTP
Host
ROS2
WebApp
GStreamer
UDP/IPv4 NetStack
ETH1: 9.9Gbps
Linux networking stack
ADI IP
Open source
ADI Open source
Xilinx IP
AXIS
MQNIC data pipeline
ETH2: 100Mbps
AXI4
DDR
Web Server
Trigger Control
ZynqMPSoC
D-PHY 4 lanes
D-PHY 4 lanes
MLE IP
DDR
Controller
AXI4
Corundum
Subsystem – P1
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19
Open-source, high-performance, FPGA-based NIC
PCIe gen 3 x16, multiple 10G/25G/100G Ethernet ports
Fully custom, high-performance DMA engine; Linux driver
Application block for custom logic
Access to network traffic, DMA engine, on-card RAM, PTP
time
Fine-grained traffic control
10,000+ hardware queues, customizable schedulers
Corundum
Subsystem – P2
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20
Corundum
Subsystem – P3
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21
MLE NPAP
Prototype
Overview – Corundum and Camera Interface
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
22
AMD Kria K26 SoM
FPGA PL
MAX96724
Corundum
10Gb MAC&PHY + IEEE 1588
ARM PS (Linux)
GMSL Drivers
Camera Drivers
Corundum drivers
MIPI CSI
Receiver
MAX96724
MIPI CSI
Receiver
AXIS
Camera Trigger
AXIS
RTP
Host
ROS2
WebApp
GStreamer
UDP/IPv4 NetStack
ETH1: 9.9Gbps
Linux networking stack
ADI IP
Open source
ADI Open source
Xilinx IP
AXIS
MQNIC data pipeline
ETH2: 100Mbps
AXI4
DDR
Web Server
Trigger Control
ZynqMPSoC
D-PHY 4 lanes
D-PHY 4 lanes
MLE IP
DDR
Controller
AXI4
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23
Corundum
Corundum and Camera Interface - P1
Corundum
APP block / wrapper
MPSoC PL
AXI4-S
Data
path
split
Video Source
MIPI RX
Subsystem
Encap RTP
TS
MAC
Ethernet
NPAP
Subsystem
MPSoC PS
AXI4-MM
AXI4-L
AXI4-L
CSI-2 Data
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
24
Corundum
Corundum and Camera Interface - P2
APP block / wrapper
tcp_udp_netperf_npap_wrapper
Corundum
MAC
TX Path
UDP/ TCP
Demo
Application
AXI4-S
Data path
split
Higher
Prio
PHC
Video Source
MIPI RX
Subsystem
TX TS
Corundum
Interface
TX TS
Adaptation
Logic
AXI4-L Status &
Control
Encap RTP
TS
Rate Limiter
(2)
NPAP
CSI-2 Data
Hardware
Prototype
@2025 Analog Devices Inc. & Missing Link Electronics GmbH. All Rights Reserved.
25
TierIV GMSL to 10G Ethernet Converter, enabled by ADI
Two Quad MAX96724 Deserializers
One 10 GbE-capable SFP+ Connector
Built on top of Xilinx’s K26
Industrial-Grade SoM
External Camera Triggering
through GPIO headers pins
Source: TierIV
Prototyped
Cameras
TierIV C1
- 2.5 MP – FullHD+ resolution
- HDR
- Image Sensor + ISP + GMSL2 Serializer
- Output: YUV422
TierIV C2
- 5.4 MP – 2.5K+ resolution
- HDR
- Image Sensor + ISP + GMSL2 Serializer
- Output: YUV422
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26
Prototype
System
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27
PC
RX: ~ 9495 Mbps
PS
RX: 135 Mbps
PL
RX: - Mbps
PC
TX: 135 Mbps
-
135 Mbps
(1x UDP)
-
PS
TX: 95 Mbps
95 Mbps
1x UDP
- -
PL
TX: 9400 Mbps
4x 2350 Mbps
4x UDP
- -
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28
Performance
Traffic Separation
C1
Up to 7 x 30 FPS
8 x 20 FPS
C2
Up to 4 x 20 FPS
8 x 10 FPS
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29
Performance
Overview
Performance
Overview – in Gbps
C1
~8.2 Gbps
~6.3 Gpbs
C2
~6.85 Gbps
~ 6.85 Gbps
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30
Streaming
Demo – C1
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31
Streaming
Demo – C2
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32
Thank You!
Questions?
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